I VERBI REGOLARI

Di ogni verbo si dicono sempre tre voci nel seguente ordine e senza pronome

Infinito	to call
Tempo passato	called
Participio passato	called

Per coniugare un verbo inglese occorre avere tre voci: l'infinito, il passato ( traduce  imperfetto e passato remoto italiani) e il participio passato

Infinito	to help	aiutare
Tempo passato	I helped	aiutai, aiutavo
Participio passato	helped	aiutato/a

Il tempo passato (past tense) e il participio passato dei verbi regolari si forma aggiungendo all’infinito (senza to) la desinenza ed.

Infinito	to help	aiutare
Tempo passato	I helped	aiutai, aiutavo
Participio passato	helped	aiutato/a

 Se l’infinito termina in e si aggiunge ovviamente solo la d

Infinito	to hope	sperare
Tempo passato	I hoped	sperai, speravo
Participio passato	hoped	sperato

Il tempo passato è uguale in tutte le persone e si coniuga come segue:

I worked	We worked
You worked	You worked
he/she/it worked	They worked

I tempi composti si formano con l'ausiliare to have seguito dal participio passato del verbo da coniugare

He has invented

Ha inventato
He has gone
Egli è andato
We have arrived
Siamo arrivati

ATTENZIONE

Tutti i verbi vogliono to have nella forma attiva, riflessiva, reciproca, impersonale. To be si usa come ausiliare nella forma passiva.


CONIUGAZIONE DI UN VERBO REGOLARE

TO WORK (LAVORARE)

INDICATIVO (INDICATIVE)

Forma affermativa

PRESENTE (SIMPLE PRESENT)
I work	we work
you work	you work
he/she/it works	they work

PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO  (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
I am working	we are working
you are working	you are working
he/she/it is working	they are working

PASSATO SEMPLICE (SIMPLE PAST)
I worked	we worked
you worked	you worked
he/she/it worked	they worked

PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST CONTINUOUS)
I was working	we were working
you were working	you were working
he/she/it was working	they were working

PASSATO PROSSIMO (PRESENT PERFECT)
I have worked	we have worked
you have worked	you have worked
he/she/it has worked	they have worked

PASSATO PROSS. PROGR.  (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
I have been working	we have been working
you have been working	you have been working
he/she/it has been working	they have been working

TRAPASSATO (PAST PERFECT)
I had worked	we had worked
you had worked	you had worked
he/she/it had worked	they had worked

TRAPASSATO PROGRESSIVO  (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
I had been working	we had been working
you had been working	you had been working
he/she/it had been working	they had been working

FUTURO SEMPLICE   (FUTURE)
I will (shall)  work	we will (shall)  work
you will work	you will work
he/she/it will work	they will work

FUTURO PROGRESSIVO  (FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
I will be working	we will be working
you will be working	you will be working
he/she/it will be working	they will be working

FUTURO ANTERIORE  (FUTURE PERFECT)
I will have worked	we will have worked
you will have worked	you will have worked
he/she/it will have worked	they will have worked

FUTURO ANT. PROGR.  (FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
I will have been working	we will have been working
you will have been working	you will have been working
he/she/it will have been working	they will have been working

INDICATIVO (INDICATIVE)

Forma negativa

PRESENTE
I do not work	we do not work
you do not work	you do not work
he/she/it does not work	they do not work

PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO  (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
I am  not working	we are not working
you are not working	you are not working
he/she/it is not working	they are not working

PASSATO SEMPLICE
I did not work	we did not work
you did not work	you did not work
he/she/it did not work	they did not work

PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST CONTINUOUS)
I was not working	we were not working
you were not working	you were not working
he/she/it was not working	they were not working

PASSATO PROSSIMO
I have not worked	we have not worked
you have not worked	you have not worked
he/she/it has not worked	they have not worked

PASSATO PROSS. PROGR.  (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
I have not been working	we have not been working
you have not been working	you have not been working
he/she/it has not been working	they have not been working

TRAPASSATO
I had not worked	we had not worked
you had not worked	you had not worked
he/she/it had not worked	they had not worked

TRAPASSATO PROGRESSIVO  (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
I had not been working	we had not been working
you had not been working	you had not been working
he/she/it had not been working	they had not been working

FUTURO SEMPLICE
I will (shall) not work	we I will (shall) not work
you will not work	you will not work
he/she/it will not work	they will not work

FUTURO PROGRESSIVO  (FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
I will not be working	we will not be working
you will not be working	you will not be working
he/she/it will not be working	they will not be working

FUTURO ANTERIORE
I will (shall) not have worked	we will (shall) not have worked
you will not have worked	you will not have worked
he/she/it will not have worked	they will not have worked

FUTURO ANT. PROGR.  (FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
I will not have been working	we will not have been working
you will not have been working	you will not have been working
he/she/it will not have been working	they will not have been working

INDICATIVO (INDICATIVE)

Forma interrogativa

PRESENTE
do I work?	do we work ?
do you work?	do you work?
does he/she/it work?	do they work?

PRESENTE PROGRESSIVO  (PRESENT CONTINUOUS)
am I working?	are we working?
are you  working?	are you working?
is he/she/it  working?	are they working?

PASSATO SEMPLICE
did I work?	did we work?
did you work?	did you work ?
did he/she it work?	did they work?

PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PAST CONTINUOUS)
was I working?	were we working?
were you working?	were you working?
was he/she/it  working?	were they  working?

PASSATO PROSSIMO
have I worked ?	have we worked ?
have you worked ?	have you worked ?
has he/she/it worked ?	have they worked ?

PASSATO PROSS. PROGR.  (PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
have I  been working?	we have been working?
have you been working?	have you been working?
has he/she/it  been working?	have they been working?

TRAPASSATO
had I worked ?	had we worked ?
had you worked ?	had you worked ?
had he/she it worked?	had they worked ?

TRAPASSATO PROGRESSIVO  (PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
had I been working?	had we been working?
had you been working?	had you been working?
had he/she/it  been working?	had they been working?

FUTURO SEMPLICE
will (shall) I work ?	will (shall) we work ?
will you work ?	will you work ?
will he/she/it work ?	will they work ?

FUTURO PROGRESSIVO  (FUTURE CONTINUOUS)
will I be working?	will we be working?
will you be working?	will you be working?
will he/she/it  be working?	will they be working?

FUTURO ANTERIORE
will (shall) I have worked ?	will (shall) we have worked ?
will you have worked ?	will you have worked ?
will he/she/it have worked ?	will they have worked ?

FUTURO ANT. PROGR.  (FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS)
will I have been working?	will we have been working?
will you have been working?	will you  have been working?
will he/she/it  have been working?	will they have been working?

CONGIUNTIVO (SUBJUNCTIVE)

Il congiuntivo (subjunctive) è un modo quasi scomparso in inglese e viene solitamente sostituito dal modo indicativo, secondo il seguente schema:

Congiuntivo italiano	Indicative
Congiuntivo Presente (io lavori)	Simple Present I work you work he/she/it works we work you work they work
Congiuntivo Imperfetto (io lavorassi)	Simple Past I worked you worked he-she-it worked we worked you worked they worked
Congiuntivo Passato (io abbia lavorato)	Present Perfect I have worked you have worked he/she/it has worked we have worked you have worked they have worked
Congiuntivo Trapassato (io avessi lavorato)	Past Perfect I had worked you had worked he/she/it had worked we had worked you had worked they had worked

IMPORTANTE

Il congiuntivo presente italiano si rende con l'infinitive senza to, cioè senza la s alla terza persona singolare, in alcune espressioni di tipo religioso e arcaico
God save the Queen
Dio salvi la regina
God bless America
Dio benedica l'America
Heaven forbid that...
Il cielo non voglia che...

Il congiuntivo presente o imperfetto italiano è reso dall'infinitive + to dopo i verbi ask (chiedere), expect (aspettarsi), want (volere), would like (mi piacerebbe), would love (amerei), would prefer (preferirei), would hate (odierei).

In inglese il soggetto della proposizione subordinata italiana diventa complemento oggetto della proposizione principale.

Vorrei che fossero più gentili
I would like them to be more polite
Mary wants him to wash the dishes
Maria vuole che lui lavi i piatti

CONDIZIONALE (CONDITIONAL)

Forma affermativa

PRESENTE      (PRESENT)
I would (should) work	we would (should) work
you would work	you would work
he/she/it would work	they would work

PRESENTE  PROGRESSIVO  (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
I would be working	we would be working
you would be working	you would be working
he/she/it would be working	they would be working

PASSATO    (PERFECT)
I would (should) have worked	we would (should) have worked
you would have worked	you would have worked
he/she/it would have worked	they would have worked

PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)
I would have been working	we would have been working
you would have been working	you would have been working
he/she/it would have been working	they would have been working

CONDIZIONALE (CONDITIONAL)

Forma negativa

PRESENTE
I would (should) not have	we would (should) not have
you would not have	you would not have
he/she/it would not have	they would not have

PRESENTE  PROGRESSIVO  (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
I would not be working	we would not be working
you would not be working	you would not be working
he/she/it would not be working	they would not be working

PASSATO
I would (should) not have had	we would (should) not have had
you would not have had	you would not have had
he/she/it would have had	they would not have had

PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)
I would not have been working	we would not have been working
you would not have been working	you would not have been working
he/she/it would not have been working	they would not have been working

CONDIZIONALE (CONDITIONAL)

Forma interrogativa

PRESENTE
would (should) I have ?	would (should) we have ?
would you have ?	would you have ?
would he/she/it have ?	would they have ?

PRESENTE  PROGRESSIVO  (PRESENT PROGRESSIVE)
would I be working ?	would we be working?
would you be working?	would you be working?
would he/she/it  be working?	would they be working?

PASSATO
would (should) I have had ?	would (should) we have had?
would you have had ?	would you have had ?
would he/she/it have had ?	would they have had ?

PASSATO PROGRESSIVO (PERFECT PROGRESSIVE)
would I have been working?	would we have been working?
would you have been working?	would you have been working?
would he/she/it  have been working?	would they have been working?

IMPERATIVO (IMPERATIVE)

Forma affermativa

PRESENTE
let me work!	let us work!
work!	work!
let him/she/it work!	let them work!

IMPERATIVO (IMPERATIVE)

Forma negativa

PRESENTE
don't let me work!	don't let us work!
don't work!	don't work!
don't let him/she/it work!	don't let them work!

GERUNDIO (GERUND)

Forma affermativa

PRESENTE

working

PASSATO

having worked

GERUNDIO (GERUND)

Forma negativa

PRESENTE

not working

PASSATO

not having worked

PARTICIPIO (PARTICIPLE)

Forma affermativa

PRESENTE

working

PASSATO

worked

PARTICIPIO (PARTICIPLE)

Forma negativa

PRESENTE

not working

PASSATO

not worked

INFINITO (INFINITIVE)

Forma affermativa

PRESENTE

to work

PASSATO

to have worked

INFINITO (INFINITIVE)

Forma negativa

PRESENTE

not to work

PASSATO

not to have worked

IMPORTANTE

I verbi che esprimono opinioni/emozioni (like-love-prefer-hate etc.), condizioni mentali (know-remember-think-understand-believe etc.), percezioni (see-hear ma non look e listen to!), possesso (have-own) NON ACCETTANO LA FORMA PROGRESSIVA e pertanto non possono essere usati in quei tempi verbali che prevedono la forma in –ING.

Il fatto che determinati verbi si trovino in questa lista non significa che non si incontreranno mai alla forma in –ING. L’inglese è una lingua che si esprime con un numero di vocaboli inferiore rispetto all’italiano. Questo implica che ogni vocabolo ha spesso più di un significato che si comprende solo dal contesto.

Per esempio, to have è in questa lista perché, quando significa possedere, non può essere messo alla forma in –ING. Ciò non toglie che, in tutti i casi in cui  have ha un significato di azione (I’m having a shower), è possibile tranquillamente trovarlo alla forma in –ING.